Citing Internet And Print Resources

Check our Citation Basics page for samples of the most commonly cited kinds of sources, compared side-by-side for APA, MLA, and Turabian.

Check this list of database URLs for citation purposes. Use this information and the guidance from the following websites to help you cite information, whether from the general Internet, in a subscription database, or a print source.

APA Style Guides

APA Style: Electronic References (American Psychological Association)
Guidelines about how to cite e-mail, a web site, a specific document on a web site, articles and abstracts in electronic databases, and web citations in text.
Bibliography Styles Handbook: APA Format (UIUC Writers Workshop)
Summarizes and illustrates APA style for print and electronic resources.
Writer's Handbook: Documentation Styles: APA Documentation Style (UW-Madison Writing Center)
Includes sections on parenthetical references, references list, headings, usage and style, formatting your paper, and citing electronic sources.
Online Writing Lab: Using American Psychological Association (APA) Format (Purdue University)
Includes short discussions on quotations, references, notes, and general format.

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MLA Style Guides

Bibliography Styles Handbook: MLA Format (UIUC Writers Workshop)
Summarizes and illustrates MLA style for print and electronic resources.
Modern Language Association (MLA) Style Guide (The Ohio State University)
Examples of how to cite books, journal article, and Internet resources both in the text and in bibliographies using both the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers format.
Online Writing Lab: Using Modern Language Association (MLA) Format (Purdue University)
Includes short discussions on quotations, references, notes, and general format.

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Turabian

Turabian Citation Guide (Ohio State University)
Examples of how to cite books, journal article, and Internet resources using both the scientific and humanities versions of Turabian's Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations format.
Turabian Citation Style (Long Island University)
Color coded examples of how to cite books, journal articles, newspaper articles, encyclopedia articles, book articles or chapters, ERIC documents, and web sites. Uses the Reference List format.
Turabian Samples for a Bibliography (Ithaca College Library)
Examples of how to cite books, periodicals, non-periodical Internet documents, dissertations, and government documents in a bibliography, for the footnote/bibliography format.
Turabian Bibliographic Form: Parenthetical Reference (Georgetown University)
Explanation and examples of how to do parenthetical references (or "author-date") in Turabian. For examples of how to create footnotes or endnotes in Turabian see: Turabian Bibliographic Form: Footnote/Endnote Style.
Citing Electronic Information in History Papers (Maurice Crouse, The University of Memphis)
Sections on: Individual works; Parts of works; Periodicals and journals; Newspapers and magazines; Abstracts and reviews of individual works; Abstracts and reviews of periodicals and journals; Electronic mail (personal); Electronic conferences, interest groups, news groups (Usenet), and lists; Searches in online catalogs and databases; Government publications and legal documents. Each section has examples of reference listings, bibliography entries, and notes.

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Other Style Guides

AMA Style Guide (University of Washington)
Based on the American Medical Association Manual of Style 9th edition, 1998. Provides examples for citing the basic book, journal, and online sources.
CBE Citation Guide (The Ohio State University)
Based on the Scientific Style and Format: The CBE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers 6th edition, 1994, a common guide used by scientific and technical journals.
Electronic sources are to be cited per the National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation (106 p. PDF - 410kb)
Chicago Manual of Style Citation Guide (The Ohio State University)
Examples of how to cite books, journal article, and Internet resources using both the scientific and humanities versions of the Chicago Manual of Style format.
Excerpts from International Standard ISO 690-2 (ISO)
Excerpts from the international standard on bibliographic references for electronic documents.
Columbia Guide to Online Style (Columbia University Press)
"A guide to locating, translating, and using the elements of citation for both a humanities style (i.e., MLA and Chicago) and a scientific style (APA and CBE) for electronically-accessed sources." Includes examples for the World Wide Web; e-mail, discussion lists, and newsgroups; gopher; FTP; telnet; synchronous communication sites; online reference sources; electronic publications and online databases; and software programs and video games.
Online! A Reference Guide to Using Internet Sources (Bedford/St. Martins)
Contains the four chapters dealing with citation style of online information from a book on using the Internet for research. Discusses MLA, APA, Chicago, and CBE style for internet information.
The Learning Page : How to Cite Electronic Sources (Library of Congress)
Guide to citing digital films, legal documents, maps, recorded sound, photographs and drawings, special presentations, and texts from the Library of Congress's web site. These examples could be applied to other digital multimedia.
Citing Government Information (Cornette Library Government Documents)
A guide to citing government information found on the Internet. Based on The Complete Guide to Citing Government Information Resources: A Manual for Writers and Librarians (Revised Edition). Also includes links to other citation guides for government information.

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Other Collections

Citation Guides for Electronic Documents (International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions)
Very thorough collection of links to style guides and other citation format resources on the Internet.
Electronic References & Scholarly Citations of Internet Sources (World-Wide Web Virtual Library)
A chronological guide to "materials dealing with the emerging standards for electronic references and scholarly citations of Internet Sources in both paper and online publications". Emphasis on those site which provide an original contribution, offer a systematic solution, or a clear summary/crib sheet.
Citing Electronic Information (Internet Public Library)
Bibliography of web sites and books which discuss how to cite electronic sources of information.
West Texas A&M University Writing Center: Online Resources for Writers
Collection of links on the writing process, grammar/usage, writing sentences, writing paragraphs, writing essays, and citation guides.

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